Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, is a serious dental problem that can negatively affect both your oral and overall health. It’s a common issue, but thankfully, it’s largely preventable. This post explains what tooth decay is, its symptoms, and, most importantly, how to prevent it.

What is Tooth Decay?

Tooth decay is the permanent damage to a tooth’s structure. It begins when bacteria in your mouth, specifically in the form of a sticky film called plaque, produce acids that attack the tooth enamel (the hard, outer layer). If left unchecked, this acid erosion can penetrate deeper into the tooth, reaching the dentin (the softer layer beneath the enamel) and eventually the pulp, which contains the nerves and blood vessels.

Recognizing the Signs of Tooth Decay

Early tooth decay often has few or no noticeable symptoms. As the decay progresses, you might experience:

Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks.
Bad Breath: Persistent bad breath (halitosis) can be a sign of excess bacteria.
Gum Issues: Swollen, inflamed, or tender gums.
Visible Spots: Dark spots or chalky white spots on the tooth surface, indicating enamel demineralization.
Pain: Once it reaches the dentin, it can start to create discomfort

Prevention is Key: Protecting Your Teeth from Decay

The good news is that tooth decay is largely preventable with good oral hygiene habits and regular dental care.

Brush Effectively: Brush your teeth at least twice a day, ideally for two minutes each time. It’s also recommended to brush at least 30 minutes after having a meal, especially after consuming sugary or acidic foods and drinks.
Floss Daily: Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between your teeth, areas your toothbrush can’t reach.
Fluoride is Your Friend: Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and helps protect against acid attacks. Use fluoride toothpaste and, if recommended by your dentist, a fluoride mouthwash. This is especially beneficial for children and young adults.
Regular Dental Visits: See your dentist for regular check-ups and cleanings, typically every six months, or every three months if recommended by your dentist based on your individual needs. Regular checkups are good practice.

For a more detailed discussion about tooth decay, visit the American Dental Association’s (ADA) Mouth Healthy website.

By Alexander Ash, DDS

Dr. Ash is the founder of Studio Dental Care. He earned his Doctorate at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry, followed by two General Residencies at New York-Presbyterian / Weill-Cornell Hospital and the UCLA Sepulveda VA Hospital.